Dengue Fever
Dengue fever is a viral infection that's found in 100 countries and causes half-a-million
hospitalizations and thousands of deaths each year. 
Aedes aegypti in the Pupal stage. These little aliens can grow up to be adult carriers of the dengue virus.
Dengue has been causing fever, chills, and skeletal pain for many years. After World War II, a more serious form of the disease -- dengue hemorrhagic fever -- emerged in Southeast Asia, where it became one of the leading causes among morbidity and mortality in children.
Aedes
aegypti, the mosquito that spreads dengue fever.
Ominously, in the past decade or so, dengue hemorrhagic emerged in Latin America, reaching as far north as the Texas border. "What is happening now in Central and South America mirrors what happened in Southeast Asia," says Barry Beatty of Colorado State University, meaning that a new fatal disease is becoming established just south of the U.S. border.
There is no specific cure for either form of dengue, nor is a vaccine available.
Why is dengue on the march?
Unprecedented population growth, mostly in developing tropical countries, has resulted in enormous urban sprawl, and unsanitary housing, water, sewage and waste systems. The result has been more mosquitoes living closer to more people.
Changing life styles, in particular the spread of non-degradable plastic packaging, which makes ideal larval habitats for Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Another factor is the dramatic increase in automobiles and discarded tires, which are equally useful to mosquito larva. These don't have to be large -- according to James Becnel of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, a few mosquitoes can breed in a bottle cap!
Increased commercial air travel is ideal for transporting dengue viruses (they travel inside their human victims) between population centers.
Finally, mosquito control methods used since 1970 have not reduced mosquito populations enough to control dengue.
"Collectively, these factors have been responsible for the global emergence of epidemic dengue/DHF [dengue hemorrhagic fever, the bleeding form of the disease] in the past 15 years," according to Duane J. Gubler, Director, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases at the Centers for Disease Control. Read more about dengue here.
There is also West Nile Virus - See the CDC website for more information on West Nile Virus in the U.S.
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